Recount Text

RECOUNT TEXT
This sample recount is labelled to show you the structure and language features of a recounttext.

TITLE :
A visit to a sheep property

ORIENTATION :
 Last holidays I visited a sheep property. I helped in the shearing sheds and in the yards.

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS :
On the first day the Merino wethers were crutched. I helped by sweeping up after therouseabout picked up the wool pieces. Shearers start early (at 7.30 am).After lunch, we started shearing the lambs. There were more than 400 so we didn't finish untilthe next day. Once again I was sweeping and picking up dags.I was tired by the end of the day in the shed but our work wasn't finished. We all had to helpto get the wethers and lambs back into the paddocks. As well, we had to get a mob of ewesand their lambs into the yards for shearing the next day. Then it was time for tea (that's whatmy nanna calls dinner).

REORIENTATION :
 This was a very long day but I enjoyed it a lot.
 Past Tense
- visited, had
 Action Terms
- crutched - helped
 Indicates When
- After lunch
 Indicates Where
- in the shed
 Focuses on Individuals
- I , We
 So...

What is it?
-It is a text that tells us about what had happened in series of events in sequence.

What is the function?
-To tell an event in the past time chronologically

What is the generic structure of recount text?
-Orientation-Series of events-ReorientationPamekasan Regent Kholilurrahman said as quoted by Antara

News Item

Definition News Item

News item is a text about the which informs readers events of the day. Considered The events are newsworthy or important. (News item is a text that gives information about the incident / event daily. Daily event is considered to be news worthy or [could say] important)

That is, if there is a significant event that should be known by many people, then it deserves to be a news event. Well, it was called a text message with the news item. However, if there is an inappropriate event is known by many people, the event certainly did not deserve to be news.

Generic Structure Of News Item

There are three common arrangement in writing a news item, here is a generic structure of the News item:
Main Events: The main event which deserves to be news.
Elaboration: A description of the background of the event; the people involved in the incident; where events occurred, and others ..
Resource of Information [Source]: The source of news; comments of the witnesses; opinions of experts, and others.
For the first point, the main event should really newsworthy. Do not let there be a scene as an important ga news entry, will be the readers / viewers do not like the news story. For example: Mr. momod Go to Market to Buy Rice .. whoa who tuh pack momod .. :)

What Makes a News Item

There are so many common traits news item text; most prominent feature of the language is concise and straightforward. A few more of them:
Frequent use of action verbs
Dominant use of saying verbs
Many use the adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of manner.
Note:

Action verbs are verbs that show the activity. (Read more clearly: Dynamic Verbs)
Saying verbs such as "reported, said, quoted, saying, preach, quoting".
Read adverb: adverb type

Example News Item
Pamekasan student wins math contest in Romania

Alyssa Diva Mustika, a student from Pamekasan Junior High School, East Java, won the gold medal at the International Mathematics Contest held in Romania Between March 22 to 29, Antara news agency reported.

Speaking to Journalists, Diva said she was glad That she had been Able to win the competition, the which she said had been very tight."Thank God I won. I will study harder, "she said.

Indonesia sent 10 students to the competition in Romania. Diva is not the first Pamekasan student to win an international science competition. Oktavian Latif, a student from SMA Negeri 1 Pamekasan won gold at the International Physics Olympiad in 2006. Another student, Shohibul Maromi, won the same award in 2010.

"I thank Diva for giving a good name to Indonesia and Pamekasan on the international stage

Example Report Text

Example Report Text: Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest, thankfulness for peace, and the attempt of Native Americans. It is usually Celebrated in late autumn.

In the past, Thanksgiving was Celebrated for Their rich harvest in New England. In North America, however, it was originally held to thank God for Their survival in the new land the which was not easy for them. However, in Canada, it had been Celebrated as in New England. Thanksgiving now is Celebrated in the United States of America and in Canada. Thanksgiving festivals are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S. and on the second Monday of October in Canada. It is usually Celebrated in four to five days in the North America and for three days in Canada.

It is Celebrated through families and friends gathering to eat and give you good luck. Turkey is the main dish in the thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving parades are also usually held. Thanksgiving in homes are decorated with wreaths, fresh and dried flowers. Lamps are Lighted to Brighten the environment. Tables are decorated with best china and antique silver dishes to mark the occasion.

Definition Of Report Text

Definition of Report Text

The term report text are also known as informational report. Report, in the Concise Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition, is defined as 1) an account is given of a matter after investigation or consideration. 2) a piece of information about an event or situation. If concluded, the language of the text is the text of the report serves to provide information about an event or situation, after the holding of the investigation and through the various considerations.

Definition text report is also almost similar to what is often mentioned in various books of English at secondary level, "Report is a text the which present information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analyzes." [Report is a text that presents information on a case by what it is. This text is the result of systematic observation and analysis.]

Thus, the actual descriptive text of the report and have a fairly clear difference, although both appear to be a "twin brother" though.

In essence, the report usually contains the text that the facts can be proved scientifically, OK ..


Text Generic Structure Report.

As with descriptive text, text Report also only have two common structures [generic structure], namely:

General Clasification; general statements that describe the subject of a report, description, and classification.
Description: Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors; In this section usually gives the phenomena that occur; both its parts, its properties, habit, or behavior. The point is the translation of scientific classification are presented with.
There is also some information about the generic text structure report, which includes:

General information
Bundles of Specific Information
General information is the part that mentions the general information of literary themes. While Bundles of specific information, the elaboration of this general information.

I myself tend to agree with the generic structure, because this can make students more aware of the how to write a text report.

Purpose of Report Text

Each paper must have a purpose why the article was written. So is the report text. Some experts say that the purpose of a text report are:

Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They describe an entire Generally class of things, whether natural or made: Mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.

If concluded, the purpose of the report text is to convey information on the results of observation and systematic analysis. The information described in the report text is usually general in nature, be it natural or buata like mammals, planets, rocks, plants, state, culture, transportation, and so forth.


Grammar patterns in Report Text

Each paper must have features of its own language; if recount text and narrative text likely to have a feature to use simple past, and how to report the text? Okay here are the patterns of grammar commonly used in text reports, which include:
Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
Use of Relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
Some use of action verbs when describing behavior, eg Emus can not fly;
Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;
Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.
Description:

General nouns, that is, an object (be it live or dead) of a general nature. Just compare: Hunting dogs> <My dog. Hunting dogs are common, while my dog ​​is special.
Relating verbs, the grammar is also called linking verbs. Like to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look, taste and so forth.
Timeless present tense is a simple marker in the present time such as "Often, usually, always" and others.
Technical terms, referring to terms that include the text of the report.For example, about the "music" then, the terms of the music should be there.

Descripsi Text

Definition of Descriptive Text

In a broad sense, Description, as described by Kane (2000: 352), defined as in the sentence below:

Description is about the sensory experience-how something looks, sounds, tastes. Mostly it is about visual experience, but also deals with other description Kinds of perception.
So, to conclude from the above explanation Kane, writing meaningful descriptive text that describes the experiences related to the senses, what kind of shape, sound, taste. Most of the descriptive text is about visual experience, but in fact the experience apart from the sense penglihatanpun can be used in descriptive text.

But specifically, descriptive text is, "...... the which is a text says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing." [Text describing the picture of a person or object. The goal is a portrait or disclose the person, place or thing specified]

Thus, one might say that this text is descriptive text that describes what kind of person or an object described, both its form, its properties, the amount and others. Objectives (purpose) of the descriptive text was clear, namely to explain, or describe the person or an object revealed.

Descriptive Text The Generic Structure

When writing descriptive text, there are some common composition / generic structure (actually not mandatory) in order to be considered correct our writing. The order is:
Identification: it contains the identification of / a which will be described.
Description: contains an explanation / description of the / someone to mention a few properties.
When we write the descriptive text, we should realize that it is the way we deliver our writing these descriptions. Therefore an understanding of the adjective (the adjective in English) must be under our control.

In addition to adjective, a structure that serves as an English adjective we must also understand that the writing of descriptive text we do not look stiff.

Examples of Descriptive Text

Lots of examples of descriptive text, spread in cyberspace. An easy way to get examples of descriptive text in a website is to look about us a site. Why is that, for some sites there is usually an explanation or description of their presence in cyberspace.

Okay, let's look at examples of descriptive text as you've never read (maybe):

Examples of Descriptive Text quiet Mother

My mother is a beautiful person. She is not tall but not short, and she has curly hair and brown. Her eyes are like honey color and her skin color light brown color, and she has a beautiful smile. Her likes weight 120 lbs.


She is a very kind person. She is very lovely, friendly, patient, and she loves to help people. I love my mom, Because she is a good example to me. She loves being in the Church, and she loves sing and dance too.

She is a very good child, wife and mother. She always takes care of her family. She likes her house to be clean and organized. She a very organized person, and All Things in the house are in the right place. She does not like messes.

She always has a smile on her face. She is so sweet and lovely. I like when I am going to sleep or wake up or I went when I am going to go to some places, she always give me a kiss, and when the family have a problem she always be with us to helps us and to give us all her love

Analytical exposition

An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to persuade the listeners or readers that something is the case. To make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer gives some arguments as the fundamental reasons why something is the case. This type of text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Analytical expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people. The generic structure of analytical exposition usually has three components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Reiteration or conclusion.

A.Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition

1. Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writer’s position;
Outlines of the arguments are presented.
2. Arguments : It consists about Point and Elaboration
Point, states the main argument
Elaboration, develops and supports each point of argument
3. Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writer’s position

B. Generic Features of Analytical Exposition

1. An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants.
2. It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.
3. It uses emotive and evaluative words
4. It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. ….has polluted… etc.
5. It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
6. Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.

Now look the sample of analytical exposition below!

“Corruption and Indonesian Culture”
Thesis:

Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture in Indonesia for three reasons

Argument 1:

Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions happen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio have reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or public services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, education departments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public service offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen everywhere

Argument 2:

The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems not to come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals to do corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that he had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come to the local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of bribery and other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions becomes our culture. Do you like it?

Argument 3:

The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the situations in which people have opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the street when they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving license or necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To avoid more difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only the people were critical, disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any wrong behaviors, this country will not be number one corrupting country in the world.

Reiteration/ conclusion:

Conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming a bad culture in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there must be more severe penalty for the Corruptors. Do we still care about the future of this country?

More information:

1. Emotive language adds strong description to the facts and so help to create an extremely subjective tone of the text. It plays a role in persuading the readers toward the writer’s opinion e.g. Most adult Indonesian,
2. Evaluative language is another way to persuade people agree with the writer’s opinion e.g. This is the worst, It’s true, It’s important, It’s clear, I believe, It is obvious that etc.

Read the following text of Analytical Exposition!

The Importance of English
Thesis { I personally think that English is the world’s most important language. Why do I say that?

Argument 1 { Firstly, English is an international language. It is spoken by many people all around the world, either as a first or second language.

Argument 2 { Secondly, English is also the key which opens doors to scientific and technical knowledge, which is needed for the economic and political development of many countries in the world.

Argument 3 { Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those seeking jobs. Applicants who master either active or passive English are more favorable than those who do not.

Conclusion { From the fact above, it is obvious that everybody needs to learn English to greet the global era.

Notes:

1. Enumerations such as Firstly, secondly, thirdly etc are sometimes given to show the list of given arguments
2. Present Tense: I think, English is international language, Everybody needs to learn English etc.

To make clear understand these notes:

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Purpose : to persuade by presenting arguments 
to analyze or explain ‘how’ and ‘why’
Text Organization :
A thesis
Arguments
Reiteration or Conclusion

Language Features : 
Emotive words (e.g. worried, alarmed etc)
Words that qualify statements (e.g. usual, Probably etc)
Words that link arguments (e.g. firstly, However, therefore etc)

Passive Voice

Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

§  the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

§  the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

§  the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Examples of Passive 

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Simple Present	Active:	Rita	writes	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is written	by Rita.
Simple Past	Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was written	by Rita.
Present Perfect	Active:	Rita	has written	a letter.